Please enable JavaScript to access this page. Liniments Skip to main content

Liniments

These are alcoholic or oleaginous preparations of various medicinal substances intended for external application to the skin generally with friction and rubbing These are liquid or semi-liquid preparations and can be solution, suspension, or emulsion.

Uses


  • They are administered to an area to produce congestion or redness due to their rubefacient activity.
  • Irritant: does not directly affect the tissues but causes inflammation of the area to which it is applied.
  • Counterirritant: Rubbed intact skin to lessen or ease a tingling or soreness in the area.
    Penetrating behavior


Two types of vehicles


1. Alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic vehicle is useful when rubefacient, counter-irritant, or penetrating action is desired.


2. Oleaginous vehicles are employed when massage is desired. They are less irritating than alcoholic liniments


Precautions

It is not recommended to apply liners to injured skin as they may create significant irritation.

Storage and Labeling


  • The bottle should be labeled: "For external use only".
  • They should be stored in tightly closed containers
  • The container must bear a label "Shake the bottle well before use"


MAGMAS


They are aqueous suspensions of insoluble inorganic drugs. Differ from cells that the suspended particles are larger. They are thick or viscous, so suspending agents is unnecessary except for dihydroxy aminoacetate magma, which contains suspending agents in addition to suitable preservatives and flavorings agents.


PREPARATION


1. By simple hydration 2.By chemical reaction

2. Bentonite magma, USP


Aerosols


Aerosols are pressurized dosage forms containing one or more than one active ingredient which upon actuation emit a fine dispersion of solid and quid in gaseous form.

The liquid or solid drug particles are dissolved or suspended in gas. The gas used for this purpose is known as propellant.



Components of Aerosols are:

1. Propellant

2. Container

3. Valve assembly and actuator

4. Product concentrate


1. Propellants


These are chemical substances that are responsible for developing pressure within a container and expelling the product when the valve is open. Commonly used propellants


Butane, isobutane, Chlorofluorocarbons( difluoroethane, dichloro tetrafluoromethane)

2. Containers

Containers are available in tin plate, aluminum, stainless steel, and glass materials.


3. Valve Assembly


The function of the valve assembly is to permit the expulsion of contents of containers


  • In the desired form
  • In the proper amount or dose

It has the following parts

1. Mounting cup

Used to attach the valve properly to the container, made of tin. Aluminum can also be used.

2. Housing

It contains an opening at the point of attachment of dip tube. It is made of nylon.

3. Stem

It supports the actuator and delivers the product in proper form. Made of nylon, brass and steel.

4. Gas Kat

It is used to prevent leakage of formulation from the container. Made of rubber.

5. Spring

Used to hold the gasket in place. When the actuator is depressed and released it returns the valve to its closed position again.

6. Dip tube

It is used to bring formulation from a container. Its diameter varies from formulation to formulation.

7. Actuator

  • Spray actuator: a device that disperses product into minute particles.
  • Foam actuator (Large orifice)
  • Solid actuator (used for semi-solid goods; relatively big aperture)
  • Specially designed actuator (For appropriate sites such as nasal, throat, and eye)


Metered Valve


These are valves that allow a specific amount of product to come out and then stop automatically. These valves have a reservoir with a set capacity that, when activated, drains all of its contents with a single actuator push.



Labels

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Electrolyte balance

Electrolytes of body Electrolyte s are minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge Electrolytes affect the amount of water in your body, the acidity of your blood (p), your muscle function, and other important processes You lose electrolytes when you sweat You replace them by drinking fluids.   Common electrolytes include: Calcium Phosphorous  Chloride Potassium Magnesium Sodium ELECTROLYTE BALANCE kokookoo Electrolyte balance, or salt balance, is necessary in controlling fluid movements within the body Salts are lost in perspiration, urine, feces and may be lost excessively in diarrhea, vomiting and sweating. The most crucial electrolyte for preserving electrolyte balance is sodium. Controlling the ratio of sodium intake to outflow is a crucial kidney function. Sodium: The predominant positive ion (cation) in fluid outside of cells is sodium. Na+ is the chemical symbol for sodium. Table salt is what is produced when chloride is added. U...
Post a Comment
Read more

Weights

Weight is a unit of measurement for the force of gravity applied to a body that is inversely correlated with mass.. Or the weight of an object is usually taken to be the force on the object due to gravity src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUPj22xYuEYiKZIsTfy9QGzVu1tquoH5fL2HvHmGGv26k3qix7xNingEm1qa1oUxkl4zO0qN4rarqB7PiqNzMAdaDdYBhwVURYab9RJ6bHnV4AdQP5M0RSVuvUu9Kvs7EAr9fpKSoXQ9TcQk-lef4NliCJFkHPrRC2RvFDTIw-V3lxtQ22c54X8dx7GnY1/w372-h320/Weights.jpg" title="Weights" width="372" /> Measures Finding out the size, amount, or degree of (something) by using an instrument or device marked in standard units is called measures. Or A standard unit used to express the size, amount, or degree of something. System of Measurement A system of measurement is a set of units of measurement which can be used to specify anything which can be measured There are two Systems of weights and measures The Imperial System The Metric System Imper...
Post a Comment
Read more

Introduction and application of various processes in pharmacy

Adsorption When a solid surface is exposed to gas or liquid molecules then gas or liquid molecules accumulate at the surface it is called adsorption. The substance that deposits at the surface is called adsorbate. And the solid on whose surface the adsorption occurs is called adsorbent. Attachment of Particle The solid particles have more compact molecules than liquid or gases. So, it acts as a foundation in adsorption for liquid or gas particles. On surface they can join by the following ways Ionic bonding  Physical interactions Chemical Interaction Difference between adsorption and absorption    Adsorption means deposition on surface only while absorption means penetration into the body of solid. Types of adsorption Adsorption fundamentally divided into two main categories 1. Physical Adsorption It is the interaction of liquid or gas particles with solid particles surface and there is physical characteristics are involved Example Many drugs are absorbed from GIT and sk...
Post a Comment
Read more