Electrolyte balance

Electrolytes of body

Electrolytes are minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge Electrolytes affect the amount of water in your body, the acidity of your blood (p), your muscle function, and other important processes You lose electrolytes when you sweat You replace them by drinking fluids.

 Common electrolytes include:

• Calcium
• Phosphorous
•  Chloride
• Potassium
• Magnesium
• Sodium

ELECTROLYTE BALANCE

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Electrolyte balance, or salt balance, is necessary in controlling fluid movements within the body Salts are lost in perspiration, urine, feces and may be lost excessively in diarrhea, vomiting and sweating. The most crucial electrolyte for preserving electrolyte balance is sodium. Controlling the ratio of sodium intake to outflow is a crucial kidney function.

Sodium:

The predominant positive ion (cation) in fluid outside of cells is sodium. Na+ is the chemical symbol for sodium. Table salt is what is produced when chloride is added. Urine contains salt discharged in excess (from dietary sources, for example). Sodium controls the body's overall water balance, and it is essential for many bodily processes for sodium to enter and exit particular cells. Electrical impulses are needed for many bodily functions, particularly those in the brain, neurological system, and muscles, to communicate. The production of these electrical impulses depends critically on the mobility of sodium. Thus, excessive or low blood salt levels can be lethal, and they can also cause cells to malfunction.

Hypernatremia, or elevated sodium in the blood, is when there is an excess of sodium relative to water. Hypernatremia can be caused by a variety of factors, such as kidney illness, dehydration, and water loss from vomiting or diarrhea. Anytime the amount of body water increases relative to sodium, the result is a lower concentration of sodium, or hypoonatremia. This occurs in a variety of ailments, including liver and kidney illnesses.

 A normal blood sodium level is 135-145 milliEquivalents/liter (mEq/L), or in intermational uni 135-145 millimoles/liter (mmol/L).

Potassium:

Potassium is the major positive ion (cation) found inside the cells. The chemical notation potassium is K+ The proper level of potassium is essential for normal cell function. Among many functions of potassium in the body are regulation of the heartbeat and the functiona of muscles. A seriously abnormal increase in potassium (hyperkalemia) or decrease in pota (hypokalemia) can affect the nervous system and increases the chance of irregular heart arrhythmias), which, when extreme, can be fatal.

( Potassium is normally excreted by the kidneys, so disorders that decrease the function kidneys can result in hyperkalemia.

Decrease potassium, can anse due to kidney diseases, excessive loss due to heary sing vomiting or diamhea, eating disorders, certain medications or other causes

The normal blood potassium level is 3.5-5.0 milliEquivalents/liter (mEq/LO, or in internationa units. 3.5-5.0 millimoles/liters (mmol/L).

Chloride 

Chloride is the major anion (negatively charged of found is fluid outside of cells and in Chlod An anion is the negatively charged part of certain substances such as table sait whe dissolved in liquid, Sea water has almost the same concentration of chloride ion as human body fluids. Chloride also plays a role in helping the body maintain a normal balance of fluids The balance of chloride ion (Cl-) is closely regulated by the body. Significant increase decrease in chloride can have deleterious or even fatal consequences.

decreased chloride (hyperchloremia) is elevation in chloride may be seen in diarrhea, certain kidney diseases, and sometimes in over activity of the parathyroid glands. Decreased chloride (hypochloremia) is loss of chloride in the urine, sweat and stomach secretions. Excessive loss can occur from heavy sweating, vomiting and adrenal gland and kidney disease.

Chloride levels in serum typically range from 98 to 108 mmol/L.

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